美国梦之安魂曲

花了半天的时间看完了美国纪录片《美国梦之安魂曲》（Requiem for the American Dream）。该片由学者诺姆·乔姆斯基（NOAM CHUMSKY）制作。这是2015年4月份出品的片子，但是，在中国可以看到的视频网站中只找到了没有中文字幕的这个视频链接：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTU3MDcwNjU2OA==.html

看了一下豆瓣评论，发现大家都很不感冒，更感社会现实的凄惨和大家思想状态的不明。

该片论述了美国社会为了制造一个多数人受剥削压迫、进而为少数富人服务的社会所奉行和执行的规则：
规则（1）减少民主（reduce democracy）。美国宪法的宗旨就是：保护少数人的利益不被大多数人剥夺。
        
        规则（2）意识形态塑形（shape ideology）。
 
规则（3）重新设计经济系统（redesign of the economy）:调整贸易结构，用意非常明显，就是让各国和所有劳动者之间产生竞争。企业成功的手段是通过：制造工人的不安全感（job insecurity）。

1950, 美国经济依靠实业生产：28%来自加工产业，11%来自金融。50年代和60年代，是美国制造业发展的黄金时期，也是财富分配比较公平的时期。普通工人可以得到一份工作，买车买房，孩子上学。

2010: 美国经济11%来自生产加工， 21%来自金融。通用电器50%的利润来自把钱挪来挪去，而不是来自从事生产。

 这样做的结果是，在2007年，40%的企业利润进了金融机构的腰包。不可避免的产生了2008年金融危机，也不可避免地，美国政府用纳税人的钱填补嗜血银行的亏空。

        规则（4）转嫁成本（shift the burden）: 富人交更少的税甚至逃税，穷人交更多的税。

        规则（5）打击团结（attack solidarity）: 通过减少政府开支和私有化进程，剥夺50年代和60年代人民曾经拥有的免费教育等公共服务。结果，到今天，美国州立大学50%的经费依靠收取学费，使得贫困学生还未就业就负债累累。

规则（6）自行制定规则（run the regulators），相当于银行家写银行法。难怪没人能够控制得了金融危机。罪犯管理犯罪，怎么能够不犯罪。

规则（7）设计选举（engineering elections）

规则（8）控制反抗（ keep the rabble in line）。1920年的美国工人运动被镇压了。1930年，工人运动取得了成绩。但是，从二战之后，这些过去的成绩都消失殆尽了。到现在，美国私企中，只有7%的职工是工会成员。

规则（9）制造一致赞同:（manufacture consent）: 今天这个时代，武力和硬性的压迫很多时候已经不合时宜的，那些控制压迫我们的人很聪明，现在通过制造消费文化来控制大众。有闲暇的时候，年轻人不再去图书馆，而是去逛商场、去看电视、去玩手机。这样，把大众弄成迷迷糊糊的任人宰割的羔羊。

规则（10）把大众边缘化（marginalize the population）

        无论如何，不要忘记下面的东西：

亚当·史密斯说，劳动力的自由流动是经济平衡发展的基础。

        诺姆·乔姆斯基说，无论如何，美国仍是全世界最自由的国家之一，过去人民组织起来进行反抗取得过成绩，人民应该继续这样的努力，也必将取得成绩。

霍华德·津恩（Howard Zinn）说：“无数默默无闻的人们所做的无数点点滴滴的努力是任何重大历史进步的基础。过去如此，将来仍然如此。”（What matters is countless small deeds of unknown people that lay the basis for the significant ends that enter history. They are the ones who have done things in the past, and they are the ones who have to in the future.）

在学校时写的短作文，虽然有点小学生考试的感觉，但还是放上来留着。说不定哪天还可以交个作业什么的。 【滑稽】
    顺便，其实我不是很喜欢这种把其他经济/哲学家的理论作为大众常识，把自己的理论强加给别人的方式。
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    After watching “Requiem for the American Dreams”, I was very shocked by Noam Chomsky’s statement that the inequality of the society comes from the extreme rich, who are only 1% of the population in America. In his theory, the concentration of wealth yields concentration of power, and those small number of wealthier people would merely protect the minority of themselves. However, the America has always proclaimed and promoted that it strives to establish a democracy and equality society. Now people would ask: “If can democracy really lead to equality to all people in the world? And why was majority of social wealth held in a very few so-called elite class?
In my opinion, unequal-social-wealth distribution is not a good thing for either the society or the people. Democracy will not automatically bring about reasonable social allocation. The group of middle-class people, just like us, actually only demand for a well-being life. All they need is to have their lives to be safer and sufficient. They do not have that much desire to participate political affairs. However, people should turn their attention more to the intentions of the politicians, as well as the social responsibilities and moralities of the rich entrepreneurs.
    Exploitation and profit-oriented drive separate each group of people who possess different social wealth, and that causes the formation of the different social classes in the society and generates the inequality; however, at the present stage, we have no any other choices. The people who have more assets and more capital are able to make more money in an exponent degree. In the future, it is better to somewhat limit the increasing rate of wealth in the rich or drastically change the tax rates for different groups in lieu of their incomes. As long as we keep this policy for long, the real equality and democracy society will eventually come true.
The film gives us 10 principles of how the American society developed in the past years; however, it also leaves us a question: what should we do to realize the equality within a democratic society? How and what should we do? We should probably take some time and think about the big question coming from the movie.

复习一下《美国梦之安魂曲》中粗略论述的“concentration of wealth and power”
总论述为A vicious circle: Concentration of wealth yields concentration of power, particularly so as the cost of election skyrockets, which kind of forces the political parties into the pocket of major corporations. And this political power quickly translates into legislation that increases the concentration of wealth.

Principle#1: Reduce Democracy
Principle#2: Shape Ideology
Principle#3: Redesign the economy
Principle#4: Shift the burden
Principle#5: Attack Solidarity
Principle#6: Run the Regulators
Principle#7: Engineer Elections
Principle#8: Keep the Rabble in Line
Principle#9: Manufacture Consent
Principle#10: Marginalize the population

精英政治，民主政治，集权政治，少数精英政治，多数暴政……我们不敢说哪一种更好，但是历史的车轮碾过，无论是古罗马共和的消失，还是世界各国的工人运动，都有着血淋淋的过往。未来可以被决定吗，历史是偶然还是必然？我们只是在发展的过程中，在后现代社会到来之际，希望可以越来越清晰，可是呢，我们知道，随着技术、经济的发展，我们要面临的问题只会越来越多。
无处不在的监听…武器、恐怖主义…不仅仅是美国梦，而是世界梦药丸💊……